EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
In March of 2023, the first Akira ransomware strain was observed in the wild. Since then, the group has compromised over 100 different organizations, targeting those in the financial, manufacturing, real-estate, healthcare and medical sectors.
Akira operates on a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) model and typically deploys a double-extortion scheme. This involves exfiltrating sensitive data prior to device encryption and insisting on a ransom in exchange for withholding the data from the group’s TOR leak site.
Most recently, Akira interrupted a U.S. emergency dispatch system, causing a nine-day operational outage. During the outage, dispatchers relied on backup systems. As of the present writing, full system restoration is still a work-in-progress.
About Akira
The group is believed to have taken its name from the 1988 cult anime film of the same name, which depicts biker gangs in a dystopian Tokyo. The Akira ransomware gang is known for use of a retro aesthetic on victims’ sites, reminiscent of the 1980’s green screen consoles.
Cyber security researchers have uncovered evidence linking the Akira group to the notorious Conti ransomware operation. In at least three separate cryptocurrency transactions, Akira criminals appear to have sent the full amount of the ransom payment to Conti-affiliated addresses.
The overlap of cryptocurrency wallets indicates that the individual controlling the address or wallet has either splintered off from the original group, or is working with two different groups simultaneously.
How Akira operates
Akira commonly breaches systems by obtaining unauthorized access to the target organization’s VPNs, as through a compromised username/password combination.
After sneaking in through an endpoint, Akira typically uses any of several methods to acquire permissions that enable lateral network movement.
These methods include orchestrating a mini-dump of the LSASS (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) process memory, obtaining credentials stored in the Active Directory database and exploiting known vulnerabilities in backup software.
Advanced persistence mechanisms
Akira ordinarily deploys tools and techniques like Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), Server Message Block (SMB), impacket module wmiexec, and a service manager tool known as nssm.exe, in order to gain persistence within systems.
As is the case among many cyber criminal groups, Akira also attempts to uninstall or disable security defenses, including anti-malware and network monitoring tools.
Beyond that, the group tends to use the runas command (a Windows command-line tool that allows for the execution of scripts, apps…etc., with different user permissions from the currently logged-in user) in order to execute commands.
This, in turn, makes tracking hacker activities more difficult for defenders.
Akira and C2 mechanisms
Most ransomware attackers weaponize a command and control (C2) mechanism to execute activities. The C2 system establishes communication with and exerts control over a compromised machine or network.
The C2 server can potentially be used to manage the ransomware deployment and to initiate the encryption of data on targeted systems. For the purpose of establishing persistent remote access to multiple systems within the network, Akira seems to prefer AnyDesk.
Akira and data exfiltration
Akira uses a number of different tools when it comes to data exfiltration. These include WinRAR, WinSCP, rclone, and MEGA.
After data exfiltration, Akira demands a ransom from victims. In the event that the ransom goes unpaid, the group will leak stolen data on its TOR site, as previously mentioned.
Akira’s encryption tactic
To encrypt a given target’s data, Akira relies on a combination of AES and RSA algorithms. The group will also purge Windows Shadow Volume Copies from devices by running a PowerShell command. For victims, this massively complicates the process of independently restoring systems and recovering encrypted data.
Recommended means of preventing and defending against Akira’s ransomware
1. Address identity and access management.
Enhance access controls. Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA). Akira can gain initial access via unauthorized logins to VPNs through accounts that lack MFA. This seemingly simplistic safeguard can significantly limit the risk of unauthorized access.
2. Store credentials securely.
As noted earlier, Akira deploys a variety of tactics to obtain credentials. These tactics include execution of a mini-dump of the LSASS process memory, retrieving credentials stored in the Active Directory database and leveraging vulnerabilities in backup services.
To that effect, organizations need to take care when it comes to credential management. Credentials should be stored securely, and regularly updated. Backup services must also be appropriately secured.
3. Elevate your patch management protocol.
Akira commonly exploits vulnerabilities in VPN software. Thus, regular patching and updating of software can proactively prevent Akira attacks.
4. Monitor your network like a ninja.
Akira relies on built-in commands and tools to identify an environment’s systems and to learn about the status of target devices. Detect duplicitous behavior by monitoring for unusual network activity.
Your organization should also monitor for data exfiltration. Look for substantial data transfers and unusual network patterns.
5. Secure C2 channels.
Akira uses widely recognized dual-use agents, such as AnyDesk, to establish persistent remote access. Remain vigilant in regards to abnormal remote access activities and fortify Command and Control (C2) channels. This can be of tremendous assistance when it comes to thwarting potential attacks.
6. Secure remote desktop protocol.
Akira frequently employes Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), using legitimate local administrator user accounts to facilitate lateral movement. Enhancing the security of RDP and staying vigilant for atypical RDP activity can be effective in preventing lateral movement.
7. Implement endpoint protection.
Akira usually attempts to uninstall endpoint protections as a means of evading detection. Deploying robust endpoint protection measures and consistently monitoring for efforts to disable or uninstall such safeguards can also assist with attack prevention and detection.
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